# Standard library header <cmath>

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This header was originally in the C standard library as `<math.h>`.

This header is part of the numeric library.

### Macro constants

HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11) | indicates the overflow value for float, double and long double respectively (macro constant)
INFINITY (C++11) | evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a float (macro constant)
NAN (C++11) | evaluates to a quiet NaN of type float (macro constant)
math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant)

##### Classification

FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | indicates a floating-point category (macro constant)

### Types

float_t (C++11) | most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as float (typedef)
double_t (C++11) | most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as double (typedef)

### Functions

##### Basic operations

abs(float)fabsfabsffabsl (C++11)(C++11) | absolute value of a floating point value (|x|) (function)
fmodfmodffmodl (C++11)(C++11) | remainder of the floating point division operation (function)
remainderremainderfremainderl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | signed remainder of the division operation (function)
remquoremquofremquol (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation (function)
fmafmaffmal (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | fused multiply-add operation (function)
fmaxfmaxffmaxl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | larger of two floating point values (function)
fminfminffminl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | smaller of two floating point values (function)
fdimfdimffdiml (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | positive difference of two floating point values (max(0, x-y)) (function)
nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | not-a-number (NaN) (function)

##### Linear interpolation

lerp (C++20) | linear interpolation function (function)

##### Exponential functions

expexpfexpl (C++11)(C++11) | returns e raised to the given power (ex) (function)
exp2exp2fexp2l (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | returns 2 raised to the given power (2x) (function)
expm1expm1fexpm1l (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | returns e raised to the given power, minus one (ex-1) (function)
loglogflogl (C++11)(C++11) | computes natural (base e) logarithm (ln(x)) (function)
log10log10flog10l (C++11)(C++11) | computes common (base 10) logarithm (log10(x)) (function)
log2log2flog2l (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | base 2 logarithm of the given number (log2(x)) (function)
log1plog1pflog1pl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | natural logarithm (to base e) of 1 plus the given number (ln(1+x)) (function)

##### Power functions

powpowfpowl (C++11)(C++11) | raises a number to the given power (xy) (function)
sqrtsqrtfsqrtl (C++11)(C++11) | computes square root (√x) (function)
cbrtcbrtfcbrtl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes cubic root (3√x) (function)
hypothypotfhypotl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (√x2 +y2 ) (function)

##### Trigonometric functions

sinsinfsinl (C++11)(C++11) | computes sine (sin(x)) (function)
coscosfcosl (C++11)(C++11) | computes cosine (cos(x)) (function)
tantanftanl (C++11)(C++11) | computes tangent (tan(x)) (function)
asinasinfasinl (C++11)(C++11) | computes arc sine (arcsin(x)) (function)
acosacosfacosl (C++11)(C++11) | computes arc cosine (arccos(x)) (function)
atanatanfatanl (C++11)(C++11) | computes arc tangent (arctan(x)) (function)
atan2atan2fatan2l (C++11)(C++11) | arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants (function)

##### Hyperbolic functions

sinhsinhfsinhl (C++11)(C++11) | computes hyperbolic sine (sh(x)) (function)
coshcoshfcoshl (C++11)(C++11) | computes hyperbolic cosine (ch(x)) (function)
tanhtanhftanhl (C++11)(C++11) | hyperbolic tangent (function)
asinhasinhfasinhl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes the inverse hyperbolic sine (arsinh(x)) (function)
acoshacoshfacoshl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes the inverse hyperbolic cosine (arcosh(x)) (function)
atanhatanhfatanhl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | computes the inverse hyperbolic tangent (artanh(x)) (function)

##### Error and gamma functions

erferfferfl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | error function (function)
erfcerfcferfcl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | complementary error function (function)
tgammatgammaftgammal (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | gamma function (function)
lgammalgammaflgammal (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | natural logarithm of the gamma function (function)

##### Nearest integer floating point operations

ceilceilfceill (C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer not less than the given value (function)
floorfloorffloorl (C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer not greater than the given value (function)
trunctruncftruncl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function)
roundroundfroundllroundlroundflroundlllroundllroundfllroundl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases (function)
nearbyintnearbyintfnearbyintl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer using current rounding mode (function)
rintrintfrintllrintlrintflrintlllrintllrintfllrintl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | nearest integer using current rounding mode with exception if the result differs (function)

##### Floating point manipulation functions

frexpfrexpffrexpl (C++11)(C++11) | decomposes a number into significand and a power of 2 (function)
ldexpldexpfldexpl (C++11)(C++11) | multiplies a number by 2 raised to a power (function)
modfmodffmodfl (C++11)(C++11) | decomposes a number into integer and fractional parts (function)
scalbnscalbnfscalbnlscalblnscalblnfscalblnl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | multiplies a number by FLT_RADIX raised to a power (function)
ilogbilogbfilogbl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | extracts exponent of the number (function)
logblogbflogbl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | extracts exponent of the number (function)
nextafternextafterfnextafterlnexttowardnexttowardfnexttowardl (C++11)(C++11) (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | next representable floating point value towards the given value (function)
copysigncopysignfcopysignl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11) | copies the sign of a floating point value (function)

##### Classification and comparison

fpclassify (C++11) | categorizes the given floating point value (function)
isfinite (C++11) | checks if the given number has finite value (function)
isinf (C++11) | checks if the given number is infinite (function)
isnan (C++11) | checks if the given number is NaN (function)
isnormal (C++11) | checks if the given number is normal (function)
signbit (C++11) | checks if the given number is negative (function)
isgreater (C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second (function)
isgreaterequal (C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second (function)
isless (C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second (function)
islessequal (C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second (function)
islessgreater (C++11) | checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second (function)
isunordered (C++11) | checks if two floating-point values are unordered (function)

##### Special mathematical functions

assoc_laguerreassoc_laguerrefassoc_laguerrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | associated Laguerre polynomials (function)
assoc_legendreassoc_legendrefassoc_legendrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | associated Legendre polynomials (function)
betabetafbetal (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | beta function (function)
comp_ellint_1comp_ellint_1fcomp_ellint_1l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (complete) elliptic integral of the first kind (function)
comp_ellint_2comp_ellint_2fcomp_ellint_2l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (complete) elliptic integral of the second kind (function)
comp_ellint_3comp_ellint_3fcomp_ellint_3l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (complete) elliptic integral of the third kind (function)
cyl_bessel_icyl_bessel_ifcyl_bessel_il (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | regular modified cylindrical Bessel functions (function)
cyl_bessel_jcyl_bessel_jfcyl_bessel_jl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | cylindrical Bessel functions (of the first kind) (function)
cyl_bessel_kcyl_bessel_kfcyl_bessel_kl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | irregular modified cylindrical Bessel functions (function)
cyl_neumanncyl_neumannfcyl_neumannl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | cylindrical Neumann functions (function)
ellint_1ellint_1fellint_1l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (incomplete) elliptic integral of the first kind (function)
ellint_2ellint_2fellint_2l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (incomplete) elliptic integral of the second kind (function)
ellint_3ellint_3fellint_3l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | (incomplete) elliptic integral of the third kind (function)
expintexpintfexpintl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | exponential integral (function)
hermitehermitefhermitel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Hermite polynomials (function)
legendrelegendreflegendrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Legendre polynomials (function)
laguerrelaguerreflaguerrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Laguerre polynomials (function)
riemann_zetariemann_zetafriemann_zetal (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | Riemann zeta function (function)
sph_besselsph_besselfsph_bessell (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | spherical Bessel functions (of the first kind) (function)
sph_legendresph_legendrefsph_legendrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | spherical associated Legendre functions (function)
sph_neumannsph_neumannfsph_neumannl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17) | spherical Neumann functions (function)

### Synopsis

    namespace std {
      using float_t = /*see definition*/;
      using double_t = /*see definition*/;
    }

    #define HUGE_VAL /*see definition*/
    #define HUGE_VALF /*see definition*/
    #define HUGE_VALL /*see definition*/
    #define INFINITY /*see definition*/
    #define NAN /*see definition*/
    #define FP_INFINITE /*see definition*/
    #define FP_NAN /*see definition*/
    #define FP_NORMAL /*see definition*/
    #define FP_SUBNORMAL /*see definition*/
    #define FP_ZERO /*see definition*/
    #define FP_FAST_FMA /*see definition*/
    #define FP_FAST_FMAF /*see definition*/
    #define FP_FAST_FMAL /*see definition*/
    #define FP_ILOGB0 /*see definition*/
    #define FP_ILOGBNAN /*see definition*/
    #define MATH_ERRNO /*see definition*/
    #define MATH_ERREXCEPT /*see definition*/

    #define math_errhandling /*see definition*/

    namespace std {
      float acos(float x);
      double acos(double x);
      long double acos(long double x);
      float acosf(float x);
      long double acosl(long double x);

      float asin(float x);
      double asin(double x);
      long double asin(long double x);
      float asinf(float x);
      long double asinl(long double x);

      float atan(float x);
      double atan(double x);
      long double atan(long double x);
      float atanf(float x);
      long double atanl(long double x);

      float atan2(float y, float x);
      double atan2(double y, double x);
      long double atan2(long double y, long double x);
      float atan2f(float y, float x);
      long double atan2l(long double y, long double x);

      float cos(float x);
      double cos(double x);
      long double cos(long double x);
      float cosf(float x);
      long double cosl(long double x);

      float sin(float x);
      double sin(double x);
      long double sin(long double x);
      float sinf(float x);
      long double sinl(long double x);

      float tan(float x);
      double tan(double x);
      long double tan(long double x);
      float tanf(float x);
      long double tanl(long double x);

      float acosh(float x);
      double acosh(double x);
      long double acosh(long double x);
      float acoshf(float x);
      long double acoshl(long double x);

      float asinh(float x);
      double asinh(double x);
      long double asinh(long double x);
      float asinhf(float x);
      long double asinhl(long double x);

      float atanh(float x);
      double atanh(double x);
      long double atanh(long double x);
      float atanhf(float x);
      long double atanhl(long double x);

      float cosh(float x);
      double cosh(double x);
      long double cosh(long double x);
      float coshf(float x);
      long double coshl(long double x);

      float sinh(float x);
      double sinh(double x);
      long double sinh(long double x);
      float sinhf(float x);
      long double sinhl(long double x);

      float tanh(float x);
      double tanh(double x);
      long double tanh(long double x);
      float tanhf(float x);
      long double tanhl(long double x);

      float exp(float x);
      double exp(double x);
      long double exp(long double x);
      float expf(float x);
      long double expl(long double x);

      float exp2(float x);
      double exp2(double x);
      long double exp2(long double x);
      float exp2f(float x);
      long double exp2l(long double x);

      float expm1(float x);
      double expm1(double x);
      long double expm1(long double x);
      float expm1f(float x);
      long double expm1l(long double x);

      float frexp(float value, int* exp);
      double frexp(double value, int* exp);
      long double frexp(long double value, int* exp);
      float frexpf(float value, int* exp);
      long double frexpl(long double value, int* exp);

      int ilogb(float x);
      int ilogb(double x);
      int ilogb(long double x);
      int ilogbf(float x);
      int ilogbl(long double x);

      float ldexp(float x, int exp);
      double ldexp(double x, int exp);
      long double ldexp(long double x, int exp);
      float ldexpf(float x, int exp);
      long double ldexpl(long double x, int exp);

      float log(float x);
      double log(double x);
      long double log(long double x);
      float logf(float x);
      long double logl(long double x);

      float log10(float x);
      double log10(double x);
      long double log10(long double x);
      float log10f(float x);
      long double log10l(long double x);

      float log1p(float x);
      double log1p(double x);
      long double log1p(long double x);
      float log1pf(float x);
      long double log1pl(long double x);

      float log2(float x);
      double log2(double x);
      long double log2(long double x);
      float log2f(float x);
      long double log2l(long double x);

      float logb(float x);
      double logb(double x);
      long double logb(long double x);
      float logbf(float x);
      long double logbl(long double x);

      float modf(float value, float* iptr);
      double modf(double value, double* iptr);
      long double modf(long double value, long double* iptr);
      float modff(float value, float* iptr);
      long double modfl(long double value, long double* iptr);

      float scalbn(float x, int n);
      double scalbn(double x, int n);
      long double scalbn(long double x, int n);
      float scalbnf(float x, int n);
      long double scalbnl(long double x, int n);

      float scalbln(float x, long int n);
      double scalbln(double x, long int n);
      long double scalbln(long double x, long int n);
      float scalblnf(float x, long int n);
      long double scalblnl(long double x, long int n);

      float cbrt(float x);
      double cbrt(double x);
      long double cbrt(long double x);
      float cbrtf(float x);
      long double cbrtl(long double x);

      // absolute values
      int abs(int j);
      long int abs(long int j);
      long long int abs(long long int j);
      float abs(float j);
      double abs(double j);
      long double abs(long double j);

      float fabs(float x);
      double fabs(double x);
      long double fabs(long double x);
      float fabsf(float x);
      long double fabsl(long double x);

      float hypot(float x, float y);
      double hypot(double x, double y);
      long double hypot(long double x, long double y);
      float hypotf(float x, float y);
      long double hypotl(long double x, long double y);

      // three-dimensional hypotenuse
      float hypot(float x, float y, float z);
      double hypot(double x, double y, double z);
      long double hypot(long double x, long double y, long double z);

      float pow(float x, float y);
      double pow(double x, double y);
      long double pow(long double x, long double y);
      float powf(float x, float y);
      long double powl(long double x, long double y);

      float sqrt(float x);
      double sqrt(double x);
      long double sqrt(long double x);
      float sqrtf(float x);
      long double sqrtl(long double x);

      float erf(float x);
      double erf(double x);
      long double erf(long double x);
      float erff(float x);
      long double erfl(long double x);

      float erfc(float x);
      double erfc(double x);
      long double erfc(long double x);
      float erfcf(float x);
      long double erfcl(long double x);

      float lgamma(float x);
      double lgamma(double x);
      long double lgamma(long double x);
      float lgammaf(float x);
      long double lgammal(long double x);

      float tgamma(float x);
      double tgamma(double x);
      long double tgamma(long double x);
      float tgammaf(float x);
      long double tgammal(long double x);

      float ceil(float x);
      double ceil(double x);
      long double ceil(long double x);
      float ceilf(float x);
      long double ceill(long double x);

      float floor(float x);
      double floor(double x);
      long double floor(long double x);
      float floorf(float x);
      long double floorl(long double x);

      float nearbyint(float x);
      double nearbyint(double x);
      long double nearbyint(long double x);
      float nearbyintf(float x);
      long double nearbyintl(long double x);

      float rint(float x);
      double rint(double x);
      long double rint(long double x);
      float rintf(float x);
      long double rintl(long double x);

      long int lrint(float x);
      long int lrint(double x);
      long int lrint(long double x);
      long int lrintf(float x);
      long int lrintl(long double x);

      long long int llrint(float x);
      long long int llrint(double x);
      long long int llrint(long double x);
      long long int llrintf(float x);
      long long int llrintl(long double x);

      float round(float x);
      double round(double x);
      long double round(long double x);
      float roundf(float x);
      long double roundl(long double x);

      long int lround(float x);
      long int lround(double x);
      long int lround(long double x);
      long int lroundf(float x);
      long int lroundl(long double x);

      long long int llround(float x);
      long long int llround(double x);
      long long int llround(long double x);
      long long int llroundf(float x);
      long long int llroundl(long double x);

      float trunc(float x);
      double trunc(double x);
      long double trunc(long double x);
      float truncf(float x);
      long double truncl(long double x);

      float fmod(float x, float y);
      double fmod(double x, double y);
      long double fmod(long double x, long double y);
      float fmodf(float x, float y);
      long double fmodl(long double x, long double y);

      float remainder(float x, float y);
      double remainder(double x, double y);
      long double remainder(long double x, long double y);
      float remainderf(float x, float y);
      long double remainderl(long double x, long double y);

      float remquo(float x, float y, int* quo);
      double remquo(double x, double y, int* quo);
      long double remquo(long double x, long double y, int* quo);
      float remquof(float x, float y, int* quo);
      long double remquol(long double x, long double y, int* quo);

      float copysign(float x, float y);
      double copysign(double x, double y);
      long double copysign(long double x, long double y);
      float copysignf(float x, float y);
      long double copysignl(long double x, long double y);

      double nan(const char* tagp);
      float nanf(const char* tagp);
      long double nanl(const char* tagp);

      float nextafter(float x, float y);
      double nextafter(double x, double y);
      long double nextafter(long double x, long double y);
      float nextafterf(float x, float y);
      long double nextafterl(long double x, long double y);

      float nexttoward(float x, long double y);
      double nexttoward(double x, long double y);
      long double nexttoward(long double x, long double y);
      float nexttowardf(float x, long double y);
      long double nexttowardl(long double x, long double y);

      float fdim(float x, float y);
      double fdim(double x, double y);
      long double fdim(long double x, long double y);
      float fdimf(float x, float y);
      long double fdiml(long double x, long double y);

      float fmax(float x, float y);
      double fmax(double x, double y);
      long double fmax(long double x, long double y);
      float fmaxf(float x, float y);
      long double fmaxl(long double x, long double y);

      float fmin(float x, float y);
      double fmin(double x, double y);
      long double fmin(long double x, long double y);
      float fminf(float x, float y);
      long double fminl(long double x, long double y);

      float fma(float x, float y, float z);
      double fma(double x, double y, double z);
      long double fma(long double x, long double y, long double z);
      float fmaf(float x, float y, float z);
      long double fmal(long double x, long double y, long double z);

      // linear interpolation
      constexpr float lerp(float a, float b, float t);
      constexpr double lerp(double a, double b, double t);
      constexpr long double lerp(long double a, long double b, long double t);

      // classification / comparison functions
      int fpclassify(float x);
      int fpclassify(double x);
      int fpclassify(long double x);

      bool isfinite(float x);
      bool isfinite(double x);
      bool isfinite(long double x);

      bool isinf(float x);
      bool isinf(double x);
      bool isinf(long double x);

      bool isnan(float x);
      bool isnan(double x);
      bool isnan(long double x);

      bool isnormal(float x);
      bool isnormal(double x);
      bool isnormal(long double x);

      bool signbit(float x);
      bool signbit(double x);
      bool signbit(long double x);

      bool isgreater(float x, float y);
      bool isgreater(double x, double y);
      bool isgreater(long double x, long double y);

      bool isgreaterequal(float x, float y);
      bool isgreaterequal(double x, double y);
      bool isgreaterequal(long double x, long double y);

      bool isless(float x, float y);
      bool isless(double x, double y);
      bool isless(long double x, long double y);

      bool islessequal(float x, float y);
      bool islessequal(double x, double y);
      bool islessequal(long double x, long double y);

      bool islessgreater(float x, float y);
      bool islessgreater(double x, double y);
      bool islessgreater(long double x, long double y);

      bool isunordered(float x, float y);
      bool isunordered(double x, double y);
      bool isunordered(long double x, long double y);

      // mathematical special functions

      // associated Laguerre polynomials
      double       assoc_laguerre(unsigned n, unsigned m, double x);
      float        assoc_laguerref(unsigned n, unsigned m, float x);
      long double  assoc_laguerrel(unsigned n, unsigned m, long double x);

      // associated Legendre functions
      double       assoc_legendre(unsigned l, unsigned m, double x);
      float        assoc_legendref(unsigned l, unsigned m, float x);
      long double  assoc_legendrel(unsigned l, unsigned m, long double x);

      // beta function
      double       beta(double x, double y);
      float        betaf(float x, float y);
      long double  betal(long double x, long double y);

      // complete elliptic integral of the first kind
      double       comp_ellint_1(double k);
      float        comp_ellint_1f(float k);
      long double  comp_ellint_1l(long double k);

      // complete elliptic integral of the second kind
      double       comp_ellint_2(double k);
      float        comp_ellint_2f(float k);
      long double  comp_ellint_2l(long double k);

      // complete elliptic integral of the third kind
      double       comp_ellint_3(double k, double nu);
      float        comp_ellint_3f(float k, float nu);
      long double  comp_ellint_3l(long double k, long double nu);

      // regular modified cylindrical Bessel functions
      double       cyl_bessel_i(double nu, double x);
      float        cyl_bessel_if(float nu, float x);
      long double  cyl_bessel_il(long double nu, long double x);

      // cylindrical Bessel functions of the first kind
      double       cyl_bessel_j(double nu, double x);
      float        cyl_bessel_jf(float nu, float x);
      long double  cyl_bessel_jl(long double nu, long double x);

      // irregular modified cylindrical Bessel functions
      double       cyl_bessel_k(double nu, double x);
      float        cyl_bessel_kf(float nu, float x);
      long double  cyl_bessel_kl(long double nu, long double x);

      // cylindrical Neumann functions;
      // cylindrical Bessel functions of the second kind
      double       cyl_neumann(double nu, double x);
      float        cyl_neumannf(float nu, float x);
      long double  cyl_neumannl(long double nu, long double x);

      // incomplete elliptic integral of the first kind
      double       ellint_1(double k, double phi);
      float        ellint_1f(float k, float phi);
      long double  ellint_1l(long double k, long double phi);

      // incomplete elliptic integral of the second kind
      double       ellint_2(double k, double phi);
      float        ellint_2f(float k, float phi);
      long double  ellint_2l(long double k, long double phi);

      // incomplete elliptic integral of the third kind
      double       ellint_3(double k, double nu, double phi);
      float        ellint_3f(float k, float nu, float phi);
      long double  ellint_3l(long double k, long double nu, long double phi);

      // exponential integral
      double       expint(double x);
      float        expintf(float x);
      long double  expintl(long double x);

      // Hermite polynomials
      double       hermite(unsigned n, double x);
      float        hermitef(unsigned n, float x);
      long double  hermitel(unsigned n, long double x);

      // Laguerre polynomials
      double       laguerre(unsigned n, double x);
      float        laguerref(unsigned n, float x);
      long double  laguerrel(unsigned n, long double x);

      // Legendre polynomials
      double       legendre(unsigned l, double x);
      float        legendref(unsigned l, float x);
      long double  legendrel(unsigned l, long double x);

      // Riemann zeta function
      double       riemann_zeta(double x);
      float        riemann_zetaf(float x);
      long double  riemann_zetal(long double x);

      // spherical Bessel functions of the first kind
      double       sph_bessel(unsigned n, double x);
      float        sph_besself(unsigned n, float x);
      long double  sph_bessell(unsigned n, long double x);

      // spherical associated Legendre functions
      double       sph_legendre(unsigned l, unsigned m, double theta);
      float        sph_legendref(unsigned l, unsigned m, float theta);
      long double  sph_legendrel(unsigned l, unsigned m, long double theta);

      // spherical Neumann functions;
      // spherical Bessel functions of the second kind
      double       sph_neumann(unsigned n, double x);
      float        sph_neumannf(unsigned n, float x);
      long double  sph_neumannl(unsigned n, long double x);
    }

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