# _Noreturn function specifier

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Specifies that the function does not return to its point of invocation.

### Syntax

_Noreturn function_declaration |  | (since C11)

### Explanation

The `_Noreturn` keyword appears in a function declaration and specifies that the function does not return by executing the return statement or by reaching the end of the function body (it may return by executing longjmp). If the function declared `_Noreturn` returns, the behavior is undefined. A compiler diagnostic is recommended if this can be detected.

The `_Noreturn` specifier may appear more than once in the same function declaration, the behavior is the same as if it appeared once.

This specifier is typically used through the convenience macro `noreturn`, which is provided in the header `stdnoreturn.h`

### Keywords

`_Noreturn`

### Standard library

The following functions are `noreturn` in the standard library:

- abort()
- exit()
- _Exit()
- quick_exit()
- thrd_exit()
- longjmp()

### Example

Run this code

    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdnoreturn.h>

    // causes undefined behavior if i <= 0
    // exits if i > 0
    noreturn void stop_now(int i) // or _Noreturn void stop_now(int i)
    {
        if (i > 0) exit(i);
    }

    int main(void)
    {
      puts("Preparing to stop...");
      stop_now(2);
      puts("This code is never executed.");
    }

Output:

    Preparing to stop...

### References

- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

  - 6.7.4 Function specifiers (p: 125-127)

  - 7.23 _Noreturn <stdnoreturn.h> (p: 361)

### See also

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