# std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::rfind

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< cpp‎ | string‎ | basic string

| (1) |
size_type rfind( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = npos ) const; |  |
size_type rfind( const basic_string& str, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept; |  |
size_type rfind( const CharT* s, size_type pos, size_type count ) const; | (2) |
size_type rfind( const CharT* s, size_type pos = npos ) const; | (3) |
| (4) |
size_type rfind( CharT ch, size_type pos = npos ) const; |  |
size_type rfind( CharT ch, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept; |  |
template < class T > size_type rfind( const T& t, size_type pos = npos ) const noexcept(/* see below */); | (5) | (since C++17)

Finds the last substring equal to the given character sequence. Search begins at `pos`, i.e. the found substring must not begin in a position following `pos`. If npos or any value not smaller than size()-1 is passed as `pos`, whole string will be searched.

1) Finds the last substring equal to `str`.
2) Finds the last substring equal to the range `[s, s+count)`. This range can include null characters.
3) Finds the last substring equal to the character string pointed to by `s`. The length of the string is determined by the first null character using `Traits::length(s)`.
4) Finds the last character equal to `ch`.
5) Implicitly converts `t` to a string view `sv` as if by std::basic_string_view <CharT, Traits> sv = t;, then finds the last substring equal to the contents of `sv`. This overload only participates in overload resolution if std::is_convertible_v <const T&, std::basic_string_view <CharT, Traits>> is true and std::is_convertible_v <const T&, const CharT*> is false.

In all cases, equality is checked by calling Traits::eq.

### Parameters

str | - | string to search for
pos | - | position at which to begin searching
count | - | length of substring to search for
s | - | pointer to a character string to search for
ch | - | character to search for
t | - | object (convertible to std::basic_string_view) to search for

### Return value

Position of the first character of the found substring or npos if no such substring is found. Note that this is an offset from the start of the string, not the end.

If searching for an empty string (str.size(), count, or Traits::length(s) is zero) returns `pos` (the empty string is found immediately) unless pos > size() (including the case where pos == npos), in which case returns size().

Otherwise, if size() is zero, npos is always returned.

### Exceptions

5)
`noexcept` specification:
noexcept(std::is_nothrow_convertible_v<const T&, std::basic_string_view <CharT, Traits>>)

### Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior
--- | --- | --- | ---
LWG 2946 | C++17 | `string_view` overload causes ambiguity in some cases | avoided by making it a template

### Example

Run this code

    #include <string>
    #include <iostream>

    void print(std::string::size_type n, std::string const &s)
    {
        if (n == std::string::npos) {
            std::cout << "not found\n";
        } else {
            std::cout << "found: \"" << s.substr(n) << "\" at " << n << '\n';
        }
    }

    int main()
    {
        std::string::size_type n;
        std::string const s = "This is a string";

        // search backwards from end of string
        n = s.rfind("is");
        print(n, s);
        // search backwards from position 4
        n = s.rfind("is", 4);
        print(n, s);
        // find a single character
        n = s.rfind('s');
        print(n, s);
        // find a single character
        n = s.rfind('q');
        print(n, s);
    }

Output:

    found: "is a string" at 5
    found: "is is a string" at 2
    found: "string" at 10
    not found

### See also

find | find characters in the string (public member function)
find_first_of | find first occurrence of characters (public member function)
find_first_not_of | find first absence of characters (public member function)
find_last_of | find last occurrence of characters (public member function)
find_last_not_of | find last absence of characters (public member function)

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