# std::thread

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< cpp‎ | thread

Defined in header `<thread>` |  |
class thread; |  | (since C++11)

The class `thread` represents a single thread of execution. Threads allow multiple functions to execute concurrently.

Threads begin execution immediately upon construction of the associated thread object (pending any OS scheduling delays), starting at the top-level function provided as a constructor argument. The return value of the top-level function is ignored and if it terminates by throwing an exception, std::terminate is called. The top-level function may communicate its return value or an exception to the caller via std::promise or by modifying shared variables (which may require synchronization, see std::mutex and std::atomic)

`std::thread` objects may also be in the state that does not represent any thread (after default construction, move from, detach, or join), and a thread of execution may be not associated with any `thread` objects (after detach).

No two `std::thread` objects may represent the same thread of execution; `std::thread` is not CopyConstructible or CopyAssignable, although it is MoveConstructible and MoveAssignable.

### Member types

Member type | Definition
`native_handle_type` | implementation-defined

### Member classes

id | represents the id of a thread (public member class)

### Member functions

(constructor) | constructs new thread object (public member function)
(destructor) | destructs the thread object, underlying thread must be joined or detached (public member function)
operator= | moves the thread object (public member function)

##### Observers

joinable | checks whether the thread is joinable, i.e. potentially running in parallel context (public member function)
get_id | returns the id of the thread (public member function)
native_handle | returns the underlying implementation-defined thread handle (public member function)
hardware_concurrency [static] | returns the number of concurrent threads supported by the implementation (public static member function)

##### Operations

join | waits for a thread to finish its execution (public member function)
detach | permits the thread to execute independently from the thread handle (public member function)
swap | swaps two thread objects (public member function)

### Non-member functions

std::swap(std::thread) (C++11) | specializes the std::swap algorithm (function template)

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