# std::stack

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< cpp‎ | container

Defined in header `<stack>` |  |
template< class T, class Container = std::deque<T> > class stack; |  |

The `std::stack` class is a container adapter that gives the programmer the functionality of a stack - specifically, a LIFO (last-in, first-out) data structure.

The class template acts as a wrapper to the underlying container - only a specific set of functions is provided. The stack pushes and pops the element from the back of the underlying container, known as the top of the stack.

### Template parameters

T | - | The type of the stored elements. The behavior is undefined if `T` is not the same type as `Container::value_type`. (since C++17)

Container

-

The type of the underlying container to use to store the elements. The container must satisfy the requirements of SequenceContainer. Additionally, it must provide the following functions with the usual semantics:

- `back()`
- `push_back()`
- `pop_back()`

The standard containers std::vector, std::deque and std::list satisfy these requirements. By default, if no container class is specified for a particular stack class instantiation, the standard container std::deque is used.

### Member types

Member type | Definition
`container_type` | `Container`
`value_type` | `Container::value_type`
`size_type` | `Container::size_type`
`reference` | `Container::reference`
`const_reference` | `Container::const_reference`

### Member functions

(constructor) | constructs the `stack` (public member function)
(destructor) | destructs the `stack` (public member function)
operator= | assigns values to the container adaptor (public member function)

##### Element access

top | accesses the top element (public member function)

##### Capacity

empty | checks whether the underlying container is empty (public member function)
size | returns the number of elements (public member function)

##### Modifiers

push | inserts element at the top (public member function)
emplace (C++11) | constructs element in-place at the top (public member function)
pop | removes the top element (public member function)
swap | swaps the contents (public member function)

### Member objects

Container c | the underlying container (protected member object)

### Non-member functions

operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>= | lexicographically compares the values in the stack (function template)
std::swap(std::stack) | specializes the std::swap algorithm (function template)

### Helper classes

std::uses_allocator<std::stack> (C++11) | specializes the std::uses_allocator type trait (function template)

### Deduction guides(since C++17)

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