# strtol, strtoll

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< c‎ | string‎ | byte

Defined in header `<stdlib.h>` |  |
long strtol( const char *str, char **str_end, int base ); |  | (until C99)
long strtol( const char *restrict str, char **restrict str_end, int base ); |  | (since C99)
long long strtoll( const char *restrict str, char **restrict str_end, int base ); |  | (since C99)

Interprets an integer value in a byte string pointed to by `str`.

Discards any whitespace characters (as identified by calling `isspace()`) until the first non-whitespace character is found, then takes as many characters as possible to form a valid base-n (where n=base) integer number representation and converts them to an integer value. The valid integer value consists of the following parts:

- (optional) plus or minus sign
- (optional) prefix (`0`) indicating octal base (applies only when the base is 8 or ​0​)
- (optional) prefix (`0x` or `0X`) indicating hexadecimal base (applies only when the base is 16 or ​0​)
- a sequence of digits

The set of valid values for base is {0,2,3,...,36}. The set of valid digits for base-2 integers is `{0,1`}, for base-3 integers is `{0,1,2`}, and so on. For bases larger than `10`, valid digits include alphabetic characters, starting from `Aa` for base-11 integer, to `Zz` for base-36 integer. The case of the characters is ignored.

Additional numeric formats may be accepted by the currently installed C locale.

If the value of base is ​0​, the numeric base is auto-detected: if the prefix is `0`, the base is octal, if the prefix is `0x` or `0X`, the base is hexadecimal, otherwise the base is decimal.

If the minus sign was part of the input sequence, the numeric value calculated from the sequence of digits is negated as if by unary minus in the result type.

The functions sets the pointer pointed to by `str_end` to point to the character past the last character interpreted. If `str_end` is NULL, it is ignored.

If the `str` is empty or does not have the expected form, no conversion is performed, and (if `str_end` is not NULL) the value of `str` is stored in the object pointed to by `str_end`.

### Parameters

str | - | pointer to the null-terminated byte string to be interpreted
str_end | - | pointer to a pointer to character.
base | - | base of the interpreted integer value

### Return value

- If successful, an integer value corresponding to the contents of `str` is returned.
- If the converted value falls out of range of corresponding return type, a range error occurs (setting errno to ERANGE) and LONG_MAX, LONG_MIN, LLONG_MAX or LLONG_MIN is returned.
- If no conversion can be performed, ​0​ is returned.

### Example

Run this code

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <errno.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>

    int main(void)
    {
        // parsing with error handling
        const char *p = "10 200000000000000000000000000000 30 -40 junk";
        printf("Parsing '%s':\n", p);
        char *end;
        for (long i = strtol(p, &end, 10);
             p != end;
             i = strtol(p, &end, 10))
        {
            printf("'%.*s' -> ", (int)(end-p), p);
            p = end;
            if (errno == ERANGE){
                printf("range error, got ");
                errno = 0;
            }
            printf("%ld\n", i);
        }

        // parsing without error handling
        printf("\"1010\" in binary  --> %ld\n", strtol("1010",NULL,2));
        printf("\"12\" in octal     --> %ld\n", strtol("12",NULL,8));
        printf("\"A\"  in hex       --> %ld\n", strtol("A",NULL,16));
        printf("\"junk\" in base-36 --> %ld\n", strtol("junk",NULL,36));
        printf("\"012\" in auto-detected base  --> %ld\n", strtol("012",NULL,0));
        printf("\"0xA\" in auto-detected base  --> %ld\n", strtol("0xA",NULL,0));
        printf("\"junk\" in auto-detected base -->  %ld\n", strtol("junk",NULL,0));
    }

Output:

    Parsing '10 200000000000000000000000000000 30 -40 junk':
    '10' -> 10
    ' 200000000000000000000000000000' -> range error, got 9223372036854775807
    ' 30' -> 30
    ' -40' -> -40
    "1010" in binary  --> 10
    "12" in octal     --> 10
    "A"  in hex       --> 10
    "junk" in base-36 --> 926192
    "012" in auto-detected base  --> 10
    "0xA" in auto-detected base  --> 10
    "junk" in auto-detected base -->  0

### References

- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

  - 7.22.1.4 The strtol, strtoll, strtoul, and strtoull functions (p: 344-345)

- C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

  - 7.20.1.4 The strtol, strtoll, strtoul, and strtoull functions (p: 310-311)

- C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

  - 4.10.1.5 The strtol function

### See also

atoi atol atoll (C99) | converts a byte string to an integer value (function)
strtoul strtoull (C99) | converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value (function)
wcstol wcstoll (C95)(C99) | converts a wide string to an integer value (function)
wcstoul wcstoull (C95)(C99) | converts a wide string to an unsigned integer value (function)

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