# Error handling

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< c

### Error numbers

Defined in header `<errno.h>`
errno | macro which expands to POSIX-compatible thread-local error number variable (macro variable)
E2BIG, EACCES, ..., EXDEV | macros for standard POSIX-compatible error conditions (macro constant)

### Assertions

Defined in header `<assert.h>`
assert | aborts the program if the user-specified condition is not true. May be disabled for release builds (function macro)
static_assert (C11) | issues a compile-time diagnostic if the value of a constant expression is false (keyword macro)

### Bounds checking

The standard library provides bounds-checked versions of some existing functions (gets_s, fopen_s, printf_s, strcpy_s, wcscpy_s, mbstowcs_s, qsort_s, getenv_s, etc). This functionality is optional and is only available if __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ is defined. The following macros and functions support this functionality.

Defined in header `<errno.h>`
Defined in header `<stdio.h>`
errno_t (C11) | a typedef for the type int, used to self-document functions that return errno values (typedef)
Defined in header `<stddef.h>`
rsize_t (C11) | a typedef for the same type as size_t, used to self-document functions that range-check their parameters at runtime (typedef)
Defined in header `<stdint.h>`
RSIZE_MAX (C11) | largest acceptable size for bounds-checked functions, expands to either constant or variable which may change at runtime (e.g. as the currently allocated memory size changes) (macro variable)
Defined in header `<stdlib.h>`
set_constraint_handler_s (C11) | set the error callback for bounds-checked functions (function)
abort_handler_s (C11) | abort callback for the bounds-checked functions (function)
ignore_handler_s (C11) | ignore callback for the bounds-checked functions (function)

Note: implementations of bounds-checked functions are available as open-source libraries Safe C and Slibc, and as part of Watcom C. There is also an incompatible set of bounds-checked functions available in Visual Studio.

(since C11)

### References

- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

  - 7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h> (p: 186-187)

  - 7.5 Errors <errno.h> (p: 205)

  - 7.19 Common definitions <stddef.h> (p: 288)

  - 7.20 Integer types <stdint.h> (p: 289-295)

  - 7.21 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 296-339)

  - 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)

  - K.3.1.3 Use of errno (p: 584)

  - K.3.2/2 errno_t (p: 585)

  - K.3.3/2 rsize_t (p: 585)

  - K.3.4/2 RSIZE_MAX (p: 585)

  - 7.31.3 Errors <errno.h> (p: 455)

  - 7.31.10 Integer types <stdint.h> (p: 456)

  - 7.31.11 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 456)

  - 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)

- C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

  - 7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h> (p: 169)

  - 7.5 Errors <errno.h> (p: 186)

  - 7.26.3 Errors <errno.h> (p: 401)

  - 7.26.8 Integer types <stdint.h> (p: 401)

  - 7.26.9 Input/output <stdio.h> (p: 402)

  - 7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)

- C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

  - 4.2 DIAGNOSTICS <assert.h>

  - 4.1.3 Errors <errno.h>

  - 4.13.1 Errors <errno.h>

  - 4.13.6 Input/output <stdio.h>

  - 4.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>

### See also

math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO MATH_ERREXCEPT (C99)(C99)(C99) | defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions (macro constant)

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